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emr-DED sTA'rEs PATENT HENNING FRIEDRICH WALLMANN, F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,ASSIGNR OF ONE-HALF TO ADELHEII) WALLMANN, WILHELM ROGER WALLMANN, ANDHENNING HEINRICH WALLMANN, ALL 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PROCESS GENERATING TABLESS GAS. l

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 22,1916.

Applieationled December 17, 1912. Serial No. 737,734.`

To all whom it 'may concern.'

Be it known that I, HENNING FRIEDRICH WALLMANN, a citizen of the UnitedStates of America, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and Stateof Illinois, have' invented certain new and useful Improve- 'ments inProcesses of Generating Tarless Gas,'of which the following is adescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, formingappart of this specification, in which-corresponding letters andnumerals of reference in the several figures in-' dicate like parts.

My invention relates toprocesses by which` hydrocarbonaceous fuel isdistilled and by which the yolatile ingredients evaporated thereby fasas theA combustible contained inthe resulting residue are converted intoa `tarless, permanent, fixed gas of uniform quality; and the objects ofmy improvements are first, to vcontinuously -deliver hydrocargeneratedhot carbonic'acid into said decom-v posing chamber D1, thereby heatingand decomposing condensible distillates and consuming carbon ydisengagedtherefrom; third, toi'diecharge into an 11p-draft gas-generating andcombustion chamber, U, the rest of said residue of distillation, toconvert the combustible contained therein by a second supply of air andpreferably of steam into semiwatergas and to preferably mix the latterwith the gas treated chemically' within said decomposing chamber D1;fourth, to utilize the perceptible heat of the resulting gas mixture forpromoting the distillation of fuel freshly supplied into thedistillation conduit C; fifth, to also utilize a part'of the chemicalenergy of the resulting gas mixture for promoting the distillation ofsaid freshly supplied fuel; and sixth, to increase the heat value ofthegenerated gas mixture by addyy ing to a supply of solid fuel,asupplyof hydro-carbon fluid.

The theory underlying the design of this xgas generating apparatus willbe understood in realizing the principal objectof my proc#y ess whichobject is to convert volatile'hydro' carbons into tarless, permanent,fixed gas without decomposing or destroyingl the* chemical character ofsaid hydro-caribous toi any greater degree than is-necessary in order;r-

to prevent a future condensation of substanf...

tial parts thereof with their temperaturelowered to that of theprevailing atmospheie,

When hydrocarbons are partlyconsumed" by a' limited supply of air atordinary ternerperature, thehydrogen -is burnt first withfa dischargeof' carbon in the finely divided shape of smoke, soot or lamp black.`

'chemical character of hydro-earbns, it is. necessary to prevent theircoming into con# vtact with a substantial amount of free.

order to preserve as much s .possbhE oxygen. I prevent this by leadingtheprfe",

viously evaporated hydro-carbons by means of a suitable cpnal T intosuch depth below-` the surface of an incandescent fuel bed as preventsthe hydrogen being consumed'by free oxygen. Instead, I mixthepevapora-ted hydro-carbons with hot carbonio.l 'aci such atemperature as sufiicientlywav, poses the hydro-carbons forconvertiii'gftsame into a permanent, fixed gas, thereby dis-engagingcarbon which combines inf nascent state with the liot'carbonic acid, elin being converted into carbon-monoxidgrief` duces said acid also tothesame gaseousis'uigil stance. In order to mix the gaseous hydro--carbone with carbonic acid, the combustion chamber D should not be madeso high that:

said acid is reduced to carbon-monoxid by its engaging with solid carbonof the residue of distillation before the mixing of' the gaseous fiuidstakes place. Otherwise the carbon dis-engaging from the heatedhydrocarbons cannot be consumed and in being partly filtered from thegas during its passage through the fuel bed, reduces as well thegas-passages therethrough s it augments thel toil to be takenfor'eleaning the gas.v This part of my process is therefore con@ sideredto be of importance.

- I preferably carry out my process in une ist apparatus illustrated inthe annexedl draw ing, in which,

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the main parts of mygas-generator, partly at the line N-N of Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a verticalsection at the line M-M of Fig. :1nd Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of adetail. Appurtenances are indicated in diagrammatical form.

Solid hydro-carbonaceous fuel such as bi` tuminous coal, lignite,peat,wood in suitable pieces, etc., may drop from a suitable magazineinto a preferably horizontal distillation conduit C provided With ascreW-conveyer 10 and partly inclosed by two oppositely located heatingjackets 11 and 12. The screw-conveyer 10 may be revolved by means of thecrank 13 or by any other suitable mea-ns for delivering solid fuel froma suitable magazine into a chamber 14 located above and communicatingwith the down draft combustion-chamber D. Liquid fuel from a suitablesource may be introduced -through the valve 15, the funnel 16 and thetrap 17 into the distillation-conduit C. A projection 18 on the insidesurface of the inclosure of the conduit C prevents or impedes a rotationof solid fuel with the screw conveyerr 10. Dis tillates generated nearthe entrance for fuel into the conduit C may flow through canals 19 and20 into the chamber 14, said canals being separated from each other by apartition, being a part of said projection 18, and communicating witheach other through perforations 21 provided in said partition. Thisconstruction is for the purpose of preventing or impeding the entranceof solid fuel into the canal 19 with the screw-con` veyer 10 revolvingin the direction indicated by arrows and with a wall 22 between thecanal 19 and the space traversed by the revolving screw 10, Thehorizontal conduit C with the canals 19 and 20 and the heating jackets11 and 12 is supported on one of its two ends by the wall surroundingthe downdraft chambers D and D1 and on the other of its ends by asuitable support 23. A jacket of `nonlieat-conducting material 24protects said heating jackets 11 and 12 on their outside against muchloss of heat. In the center part of the Ichamber 14 is provided the tubeT1 rigidly connected to the cover orI top plate 25 of said chamber 14and provided with an opening or with openings 26 oppositely located inrelation to the inlets for' distillates and for residue of distillationfrom the distillation-conduit C. An entering of solidfuel into saidopening or openings 26 is thus prevented or impeded. To the lower partof said tube T1 is securely fastened a prolongation or extension T ofrefractory or fireproof material such as tireclay, porcelain orcarborundum, and this prolongation T extends downwardly within thechamber or vessel 14 and for some disand distillates into the chambers Dand D1 respectively. .The lower part ofthe chamber 14 is surrounded byan annular air chamber 31 closed at its top by a plate 32 with properlyconstructed poke-holes (only one shown) 33 and an air inlet tube 34. Avalve 35 may be used for regulating the air supply, and in somecases theair used for combustion may be mixed with a regulated amount of steamfrom any suitable source. The top plate 25 of the chamber 14 may beprovided with holes and lids 36 for inspection and poking, andthe tubeT1 may be provided at its upper end with a hole and lid 37 for the samepurpose. Located below the downdraft decomposing chamber D1 and directlycommunicating therewith is the uR-draft gas generating chamber Uv andintermediate between the chambers D1 and U. is provided in the wall orWalls surrounding these chambers a circular recess 27 with a gas outletV28 leading into the heating jacket 11. The fuel in the chamber Uissupported by a` rotatable step-grate G suitably journaled in its centerpart about a pin or shaft 29 rigidly secured to a circular base plate 30or to the foundation carrying the gas generator. Vertical auxiliarygrates 38 may be hinged .to the circumference of the step grate G and besurrounded by the circular apron 39 of a double water seal, the apronextending into a lower trough 40 and into an upper trough 41. An airsupply pipe 42 may lead air through the apron 39, and the supply of air,which may preferably be mixed with a regulated amount of steam from anysuitable source may be regulated by the valve 43. Upright supports 44carry the upper water seal 41 and the ring 45 carrying in turn the wallsof the chambers U, D1, D and 14 with the structural parts connectedthereto. The walils,,siir rounding the chambers U, D1 and D consist oflire bricks 46 surrounded in turn by non-heatconducting material 47 andby a Sheet iron or sheet steel shell 48. By lifting the apron 39 up andout of both water troughs 40 and 41 access may be had to the lower partof the chamber U for the removal of ashes and clinkers. By connecting ac ounterpoise by hauster Llil to any desiruble location, or the gas.after having passed through the scrubber 51, may be consumed in the gasengine, und the resulting hot products of ronibustion muy be dischargedthrough the tube 52 into the heating jacket l2 und 'from there throughthe tube 53 into the atmosphere.

A tube and valve 54 muy be provided in oonununieation with the ieeess 3lfor the purpose of lending products of combustion from the chamber il o`the atmosphere, preferably through a ehiinney.; wlien lire is kindledon the stepgru. ii or when the operation of the general d" ontinue'd.

In tlueuse that there ents n, demand for u gus of relatively very highheating value, hydrowurbon fluid in the torni either of und vapors or ofliquid farei may be supplied from any Suitable sourf'e through tubes T1and 'lf into the down-draft decomposing rhanibor D". However it shtmldbe remem bored that it liquid fuel thus used, :i rertuin amount of solid't" consumed inv the ooinlmstion chamber D capableto evaporate n limitedamount only of liquid fuel. and to supply the latent lient required forsuch evaporation. A maximum of lient value is attainable only if the`liquid fuel, is evaporated either by the perceptible heat of theneneriinul or by another, separate source ot heat whirl-i sourcenrei'ernbly nay consist in the waste hout 'usually lost in the operationof interimlY ejroinbustion engines.

The appui-utils operates us foliows: With the valve 54 open und theenron 39 lifted up out of the troughs lll und :i fire is kindled on thestr-,perrito il und more fuel.,

prolerubly rr e un gradually added until the numbers il* sind D :ireoei-unimi by solid fuel. lijd lowering the apron 39 und bj. admittingsir und steam through the 'pine li?. l the voire into the rhuinber l?,unil f: seini-nutergas will be goin," rxhuuster if? or the igine sm'tedto operate. ily supplying Solid fuel into the niufrz'aziue undrevolving.; the screw oonif'eyer .1() und bf.' supplying hydrocarbon ineither solid or liquid -forn into the ronduit t, the yerreptihle bout ofthe generated gas is transferred to und diutils hydro-vurluui in theronduit (l. The geiirrnmi Turnus or distillutes llow through n una/xlslll and '20 into the rzl'iainlu-r il. und through the hole 24S und thevtubes T* und T into the 'liuiniher D toward the recess unfl the gusoutlet 28, also mining' into m with solid in'- Gunderzrent fuel :it thebe rlvai'nirr l. By mlnitiing nir tliwu the Yulw i. like reirse 1' llinto the :number DE the t from the tulle T are, mixed nir und ignited bycoming into venturi. with the iurunilesii-ent fuel ut the. ton olelnunber U. The resultin'g .fire rises until the fuel in the chamber Dis incandescent. Thereufter the apparatus is in its normal WorkingrCondition.

My process does not necessarily require o. combustion in the chmnber U.The greatest part of the solid fuel muy be consumed in chamber D und theremainder be withdrawn `in the form of coke from the lower part ofchamber U.

1n order to continuously deliver solid fuel from the magazine throughthe conduit toward the Chamber le, the screw ronveyer l() may beconnected by menus oi the Crunk 1.3, or by means ot' any other suitablemeehunislu such es s rateliet geen'. ein., to u mo tor`r line shalt orto :my other suituble source of motion with regulated speed, preferablywith speed automatically regulated in accordunce with the amount of fuelsimultaneously consumed. But on the other hand by making the vessel lethigh. und large enough, it becomes a store-room or maga# zine for coke,into which magazine coked fuel may be delivered from time to time by theoperation of the screw 10 and from which magazine the raked fuel niayContinually drop into the chamber l) with the sume speed with which fuelis consumed in the chambers D and U.

I wish to claim:Mn

1. The continuous process of gasityiug which consists in, continuouslymoving pon tions of n mass of solid fuel from an* inlet therefor througha distillation conduit. heuting and thereby distilling' fuel of saidmass within said Conduit, cmitinuous-:iy seperating resulting(iistillntes trous resulting residue of distillation, heating resultingsepa rated residue to u temperature higher than that of fuel underilistill; tion u'itlii said conduit, lending hydrorurlionuceous iuidinto resulting hotter residue, thereby decomposing said fluid.sepurmuigf resulting eous products troni said hotter residue` undcontinuously delivering the lutter utter is said separating 'troni Suidgaseous produ( into u receptacle for solid munbustihle.

2. The continuous process of gasifying which consists in.y continuouslymovng pori-- continuously sepan t from the bitterly said residue, andcontinuously delivering the latter after its said separating from saidgaseous products, into a reccptacle for solid combustible* 10. Theprocess of gasifyng which conn sista in` moying a m of solid fuel froman inlet therefor through distillation conduit, leading combuetiblefluid into fuel of said n within said imiduit, sinniltaneously heatingand thereby listilling fuel of said niass within said conduit separatingresultin gaeeoue fluid inixtui' 'trom resulting resiM f ot distillation,increasing the temperaof resulting separated residue by leadinio thelatter a controlled amount of seous heating agent, supplying hydro-carlareous fluid. into resulting hotter residue, tlxtreby :lecomposiiigsupplied hydi'dcarbnaceous fluid, separating resulting gaseous products'from the latterly said residue, and consuming combustibie eontained inthe latti-r by supplying air thereto after the lattcrly said separating.

- lil., The continuous proc of distilling which consists in,continueiiusly moving pou tions oi" naiss oi' solid fuel. through adistil lation .fonfiluit toward a receptacle for solid combustible,subjecting fuel ot said mass 'within said ronduit to temperatures gradwally higher with respect to each. other in the {..lirertirm of saidmoving, preventing un entrance of a conecqu-entiai .'iiuzunt of air ofnatural chemical quality into sind cfuuiuit,

l dieiilates from resulting i v due of diszil ation in di rertioustransverse to the dirertion et said moving and at a plurality of pointsof the side inclosure of said conduit with said points arrangedanteriorly and posteriorly with respect to each other and to thedirection of said moving, and delivering resulting residue ofdistillation from said conduit toward a receptacle for solidcombustible,

12, The continuous process of distilling `which consists in,continuously moving portions of a mass of solid fuel from an inlettherefor throu h a distillation conduit and through an out et of thelatter toward a receptacle for solid combustible, subjecting fuel of,said mass within said conduit to temperatures gradually higher withrespect to each other in the directlon of said moving, preventing anentrance of a consequential amount of air of natural chemical characterinto said conduit, leading combustible fluid into fuel of said massWithin -said conduit, continuously separating resulting distillates fromresulting residue of distillation in directions transverse to thedirection of said moving and at a plurality of points of the sideinclosure of said conduit with said` points intermediate between saidinlet and said outlet and arranged anteriolly and posteriorly withrespect to each other and to the direction of said moving, anddelivering resulting residue of distillation from Said outlet towardsaid receptacle.

HENNNG FRIEDRICH WALLMANN.

lVitnesses W. D. PENNINGTON, ELLA E. Mon.

